8mm M16-4 hadzi kune mukadzi avhiyesheni connector chitubu waya
Kuvandudza maitiro emotokari yekubatanidza mune itsva simba mota indasitiri
NeChina yave musika mukuru wekutengesa mota pasi rose, indasitiri yemotokari yeChina yapindawo padanho idzva rebudiriro.Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva muchirongwa chemakore mashanu kuti mumakore mashanu anotevera, indasitiri yemotokari yeChina ichachinja kubva pakukura kusvika kune simba rakasimba munguva yakapfuura, uye hutungamiri hwayo huri kunyanya kusimudzira motokari dzinochengetedza simba, kusanganisira motokari itsva dzemagetsi. .
Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwazvino, muna 2015, China ichasimudzira budiriro yakarongeka yeindasitiri yemotokari uye maindasitiri ane hukama, zvifambiso zvemadhorobha uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kusimuka kubva munyika huru yekugadzira mota kuenda kunyika ine motokari dzine simba, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kwepagore hunotarisirwa. kusvika kumotokari dzinosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri neshanu muna 2015. Ichava musimboti weindasitiri yemotokari yeChina kuti ive hombe nekusimba.Muna 2015, chikamu chemusika wemotokari weChina chinozowedzerwa.Mugove wemusika wepamba wemotokari dzakazvimiririra dzemotokari dzinopfuura makumi mashanu muzana, izvo chikamu chemumba chemota dzakazvimirira mhando chinodarika makumi mana%.Pamusoro pezvo, indasitiri yemotokari yeChina ichachinja kubva pakuvimba nemusika wemumba wekuda kuenda kunze kwenyika pamwero mukuru.Muna 2015, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzakazvimirira dzemhando dzakaita zvinopfuura gumi muzana zvekugadzira nekutengesa.
Kuti zvizadzise chinangwa ichi, nyika ichatsigira zvine simba kuchengetedza simba uye kutenderedza nharaunda mota dzine mafuta echinyakare, mota nyowani dzesimba dzinodzorwa nedzimotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena, uye kutsigira kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemafuta akasanganiswa, mafuta ehydrogen nedzimwe mota.Kunyanya zvinosanganisira:
Kutanga, pamberi pe2015, tichatsigira zvakasimba kukurudzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza simba uye motokari itsva dzemagetsi.Mumunda wezvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita semotor nemabhatiri, edza kuumba 3-5 backbone mabhizinesi ezvikamu zvakakosha senge mabhatiri emagetsi nemamotor, ane indasitiri yekusangana inopfuura 60%.Chechipiri, ziva maindasitiri emotokari dzakajairwa dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa uye edza kuva nemotokari dzinopfuura miriyoni imwe yepakati / inorema.
Kuti ushingairire kujairana neChigumi nemaviri Chirongwa cheMakore mashanu, chinongedzo, sechinhu chakakosha cheindasitiri yemotokari, chinofanira kuvandudzwa zvizere.Zvinoenderana nekuongororwa kweinjiniya yelinkconn.cn, inyanzvi terminal yekubatanidza mumiriri, kusimudzira kweiyo indasitiri yekubatanidza kune matatu makuru maitiro:
Yekutanga kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, yechipiri ndeyekuchengetedza, uye yechitatu ndeyekubatanidza.
● kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza ... Nekuda kwe-high-voltage system yemotokari itsva dzemagetsi, zvinodiwa zvekubatanidza zviri "kutsvagawo zvakajairika apo uchichengetedza kusiyana" nemotokari dzechinyakare.Sezvo mota nyowani ine simba iri "girinhi" mota, chinongedzo chinodawo girinhi kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.Panyaya yekuchengeteka, nekuda kwekugona kwesimba nyowani yemagetsi yekubatanidza kutsungirira 250A ikozvino uye 600V voltage zvakanyanya, kudiwa kweyepamusoro standard anti electric shock kudzivirira kuri pachena.Panguva imwecheteyo, pasi pesimba rakakura kudaro, kukanganiswa kwemagetsi nderimwe dambudziko rakakosha.Uye zvakare, iyo plugging mashandiro ekubatanidza inoburitsa arc, iyo inozoisa mungozi kubatana kwemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi, uye inogona kukonzera kupisa kwemotokari, izvo zvinoda dhizaini yakakosha uye kusimudzira kwechibatanidza.
● kuchengeteka ... Kuti usangane nepamusoro pekushanda zvinodiwa zvemagetsi matsva emagetsi emagetsi, zvinonyanya kuenderana nemaitiro akaoma ekugadzirisa.Semuenzaniso, kana paine kuratidzwa, zvinodikanwa kudzivirira kuparara kwemhepo nemhepo yakakwira, iyo inoda kuti imwe mhepo yemhepo ichengetedzwe;Pasi pemamiriro ekukwirira kwepamusoro uye ikozvino huru, kukwira kwekushisa hakufaniri kudarika kukosha kwakarongwa;Pakusarudza iyo ganda zvinhu, isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve huremu, simba uye kureruka kwekugadzirisa, uye maitiro ekuchengetedza kugadzikana kwekuita kwezvinhu zvekubatanidza terminal pane tembiricha dzakasiyana uye maitiro ekuona inodiwa conductivity.
● kubatanidza ... Pamusana pekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwekuvaraidza kwemotokari yemotokari, kukosha kwepamusoro-speed data transmission function iri kuramba ichiwedzera.Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe mamodheru, musoro wekamera wakaiswa pachionioni chinodzosera, icho chinogona kuita kuti mutyairi ave nenzvimbo yakafara yekuona, izvo zvinoda kuti chinongedzo chitumire data rakawanda.Dzimwe nguva chinongedzo chinodiwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutumira masaini eGPS uye nhepfenyuro masaini panguva imwe chete, izvo zvinoda kuvandudza kwayo data kutapurirana simba.Panguva imwecheteyo, chibatanidza chinodawo kumira kupisa kwepamusoro, nokuti injini yemotokari inowanzoiswa pamberi pemotokari.Kunyangwe paine firewall yekudzivirira, kumwe kupisa kunofambiswa, saka chinongedzo chinofanira kukwanisa kumira tembiricha.
Basic sumo yemotokari harness
Waya dzeMotokari, dzinozivikanwawo sewaya dzepasi-voltage, dzakasiyana newaya dzakajairika dzemumba.Waya dzemumba dzakajairika imhangura single core waya dzine kumwe kuoma.Waya dzemotokari imhangura yakawanda core flexible waya.Dzimwe waya dzakatetepa sebvudzi.Mawaya akawanda kana akawanda emhangura anochinjika akaputirwa mumachubhu epurasitiki ekuvharisa (PVC), ayo akapfava uye asiri nyore kutyora.
Nekuda kwekusarudzika kweindasitiri yemotokari, maitiro ekugadzira emotokari harness zvakare akakosha kupfuura mamwe maharness akajairwa.
Iwo masisitimu ekugadzira mota waya harness anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:
1. Yakakamurwa nenyika dzeEurope neAmerica, kusanganisira China:
TS16949 system inoshandiswa kudzora maitiro ekugadzira.
2. Zvikuru kubva kuJapan:
Semuenzaniso, Toyota neHonda vane maitiro avo ekudzora maitiro ekugadzira.
Nekuwedzera kwemabasa emotokari uye kushandiswa kwepasirese kwemagetsi ekudzora tekinoroji, kune akawanda uye akawanda zvikamu zvemagetsi, akawanda uye akawanda waya, uye harness inova gobvu nekurema.Naizvozvo, mota dzepamberi dzakaunza inogona bhazi kumisikidzwa uye yakagashira akawanda-channel transmission system.Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare waya harness, iyo yakawanda-channel yekufambisa mudziyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwewaya uye majoini, zvichiita kuti wiring ive nyore.
Kazhinji kushandiswa
Madimikira akajairwa ewaya muhuni hwemotokari anosanganisira waya dzine zita remhiri-chikamu nzvimbo dze 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 uye 6.0 mm2 (nzvimbo dzemadunhurirwa dzinowanzo shandiswa mumotokari dzeJapan 0.5, 0.85. 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 uye 6.0 mm2).Iwo ese ane zvinotenderwa mutoro zvino hunhu uye akashongedzerwa newaya dzemidziyo yemagetsi ane masimba akasiyana.Tichitora iyo yese harness yemotokari semuenzaniso, iyo 0.5 yekumisikidza mutsara inoshanda kune mwenje wezviridzwa, marambi echiratidzo, marambi emusuwo, sirin'i magetsi, nezvimwe;0.75 yakatarwa mutsara inoshanda kune rezinesi mwenje mwenje, kumberi nekumashure mwenje madiki, mabhureki mwenje, nezvimwe;1.0 yakatarwa mutsara inoshanda kutendeutsa mwenje wechiratidzo, mwenje wefog, nezvimwe;1.5 mutsara wekutemerwa unoshanda kune mwenje, nyanga, nezvimwe;Iyo huru yemagetsi tambo, senge jenareta armature line, grounding waya, nezvimwewo, inoda 2.5 kusvika 4 mm2 waya.Izvi zvinongoreva kuti kumota dzakajairwa, kiyi inotsamira pane yakanyanya kukosha ikozvino yemutoro.Semuenzaniso, waya yepasi uye yakanaka simba waya yebhatiri waya dzakakosha dzemotokari dzinoshandiswa chete.Madhayamita ewaya avo akati kurei, anodarika gumi masikweya millimeters.Aya ma "Big Mac" waya haazopinzwa mune huru harness.
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Usati waronga harness, dhirowa dhayagiramu yeharness pamberi.Iyo harness dhizaini yakasiyana neyedunhu schematic diagram.Mutambo wedunhu schematic mufananidzo unotsanangura hukama pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemagetsi.Izvo hazviratidzi kuti zvikamu zvemagetsi zvakabatanidzwa sei kune mumwe nemumwe, uye hazvikanganisike nehukuru uye chimiro chezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemagetsi uye chinhambwe pakati pavo.Iyo harness dhizaini inofanirwa kufunga nezve saizi uye chimiro chechimwe nechimwe chikamu chemagetsi uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pavo, uye zvakare kuratidza kuti zvikamu zvemagetsi zvakabatana sei kune mumwe nemumwe.
Pashure pokunge vanamazvikokota vefekitari yewaya vachigadzira tambo yewaya yewaya maererano nedhiyagiramu yewaya, vashandi vakacheka nokuronga waya maererano nezvinodiwa netambo yewaya.Iyo huru harness yemota yese inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita injini (kupisa, EFI, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kutanga), chiridzwa, mwenje, mhepo yekufemesa, midziyo yekubatsira uye zvimwe zvikamu, zvinosanganisira harness huru uye bazi harness.Iyo huru yekusungisa yemotokari yese ine mahanesi akawanda emapazi, semapango emiti nemapazi.Iyo tambo huru yemotokari yese inowanzo tora chiridzwa sechikamu chepakati uye inoenderera mberi nekumashure.Nekuda kwehurefu hwehukama kana kusangana kwakaringana, harness yedzimwe mota dzakakamurwa kuita harness yekumberi (kusanganisira chiridzwa, injini, mwenje wemberi, air conditioner uye bhatiri), rear harness (muswe wemwenje musangano, rezinesi rezinesi rambi uye trunk rambi), padenga harness (gonhi, sirin'i rambi uye redhiyo nyanga), etc. Kupera kwega kwebhanhire kuchanyorwa nenhamba nemabhii kuratidza chinhu chekubatanidza chetambo.Mushandi anogona kuona kuti mucherechedzo unogona kunyatsobatanidzwa kune dzinoenderana waya uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira pakugadzirisa kana kutsiva harness.Panguva imwecheteyo, ruvara rwetambo rwakakamurwa kuva monochrome wire uye maviri-mavara wire.Chinangwa chemuvara chakatsanangurwa zvakare, icho chinowanzo chiyero chakatarwa nefekitari yemotokari.Chiyero cheindasitiri yeChina chinongotaura ruvara rukuru.Semuenzaniso, inotaura kuti dema rimwe chete rinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira waya uye tsvuku inoshandiswa kune waya yemagetsi, isingagone kuvhiringika.
Harness inoputirwa neshinda yakarukwa kana yepurasitiki inonamira tepi.Nekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zviri nyore, yakarukwa yekuputira yakabviswa uye ikozvino yakaputirwa neanonamira epurasitiki tepi.Kubatana pakati pemachira nemachira uye pakati pemahanisi nezvikamu zvemagetsi zvinotora chinongedzo kana lug.Iyo yekubatanidza inogadzirwa nepurasitiki uye yakakamurwa kuita plug uye socket.Iyo tambo yetambo yakabatana newaya harness ine chinongedzo, uye chinongedzo pakati petambo dzetambo nezvikamu zvemagetsi chinobatana nechokubatanidza kana lug.
Material Science
Zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yemotokari harness zvakare zvakanyanya kuomarara:
Kusanganisira kuita kwayo kwemagetsi, kubuda kwezvinhu, kupikisa tembiricha uye zvichingodaro, izvo zvinodiwa zvakakwirira kupfuura hutsinye hwese, kunyanya izvo zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza: semuenzaniso, iyo harness yezvinhu zvakakosha senge nzira yekudzora system uye brake, izvo zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya kuomarara. .
Basa rekutanga remotokari harness
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kune akawanda maharnesses emotokari, uye yemagetsi control system yakabatana zvakanyanya neharness.Mumwe munhu akambogadzira mufananidzo wakajeka: kana mabasa emicrocomputer, sensor uye actuator akafananidzwa nemuviri wemunhu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti microcomputer yakaenzana nehuropi hwemunhu, sensor yakaenzana nenhengo yekunzwa, uye actuator yakaenzana nemota organ, ipapo iyo harness itsinga uye tsinga yeropa.
Automobile harness ndiyo huru network yemotokari dunhu.Inobatanidza zvinhu zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvemotokari uye inoita kuti zvishande.Pasina harness, hapazove nemotokari yedunhu.Parizvino, ingave mota yemhando yepamusoro kana mota yakajairika, wiring harness yakangofanana muchimiro, iyo inoumbwa newaya, majoini uye yekuputira tepi.Izvo hazvifanirwe kungove nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwemasaini emagetsi, asi zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwedunhu rekubatanidza, kupa iyo yakatsanangurwa kukosha ikozvino kune emagetsi nemagetsi zvikamu, kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kumasekete akatenderedza, uye kubvisa pfupi pfupi yemagetsi emagetsi.[1]
Panyaya yebasa, tambo yemotokari inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: tambo yemagetsi inotakura simba rekutyaira actuator (actuator) uye mutsara wechiratidzo unotumira kuraira kwekupinza kwe sensor.Mutsara wemagetsi iwaya gobvu inotakura hombe ikozvino, nepo mutsetse wechiratidzo iwaya yakatetepa isingatakure simba (optical fiber communication);Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yemuchinjikwa-chikamu chetambo inoshandiswa mumutambo wechiratidzo ndeye 0.3 uye 0.5mm2.
Nzvimbo dzakachinjika dzewaya dzemotor uye actuators i 0.85 uye 1.25mm2, nepo nzvimbo dzakachinjika dzewaya dzemaseketi emagetsi dziri 2, 3 uye 5mm2;Special circuits (starter, alternator, engine grounding wire, etc.) vane zvirevo zvakasiyana zve8, 10, 15 uye 20mm2.Iyo yakakura nzvimbo ye-cross-sectional ye-conductor, iyo yakakura simba rezvino.Mukuwedzera pakufunga nezvekushanda kwemagetsi, kusarudzwa kwetambo kunodziviswawo nekushanda kwemuviri kana pa-bhodhi, saka kusarudzwa kwayo kwakakura zvikuru.Semuenzaniso, iyo inowanzovhurwa / yakavharwa gonhi patekisi uye waya kumativi ose emuviri inofanira kuumbwa newaya ine yakanaka flexural performance.Kondakita anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekushisa kwepamusoro anowanzo tora conductor yakavharwa nevinyl chloride uye polyethylene ine yakanaka insulation uye kudzivirira kupisa.Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwema electromagnetic shielding waya mumaseketi asina simba emasaini kuri kuwedzerawo.
Nekuwedzera kwemabasa emotokari uye kushandiswa kwepasirese kwemagetsi ekudzora tekinoroji, kune akawanda uye akawanda zvikamu zvemagetsi uye waya.Huwandu hwemaseketi uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi pamotokari kunowedzera zvakanyanya, uye harness inova gobvu nekurema.Iri idambudziko guru rinofanira kugadziriswa.Maitiro ekugadzira huwandu hukuru hwewaya tambo munzvimbo shoma yemotokari, maitiro ekuzvironga zvinobudirira uye zvine musoro, uye maitiro ekuita kuti mota yewaya tambo iite basa rakakura rave dambudziko rakatarisana neindasitiri yekugadzira mota.
Kugadzira tekinoroji yemotokari harness
Nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwezvinodiwa zvevanhu zvekunyaradza, hupfumi uye chengetedzo, mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi pamotokari dziri kuwedzerawo, tambo dzemotokari dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera kuoma, uye kutadza kweharare kuri kuwedzerawo saizvozvo.Izvi zvinoda kuvandudza kuvimbika uye kusimba kwewaya harness.Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira maitiro uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari waya tambo.Pano, iwe unogona kuita tsananguro yakapusa yeruzivo rwemotokari waya harness maitiro uye kugadzira.Unongoda kushandisa maminetsi mashoma kuti uiverenge.
Mushure mekudhirowa kwechigadzirwa-maviri-mativi emotokari harness yabuda, maitiro ekugadzira emota harness anofanirwa kurongeka.Iyo nzira inoshumira kugadzirwa.Zviviri izvi hazviparadzaniswe.Naizvozvo, munyori anosanganisa kugadzirwa uye maitiro emotokari harness.
Yekutanga chiteshi chekugadzirwa kwewaya ndiyo nzira yekuvhura.Kurongeka kwemaitiro ekuvhura kunoenderana zvakananga nekufambira mberi kwese kwekugadzira.Kana pakaita chikanganiso, kunyanya hukuru hupfupi hwekuvhura, zvinotungamira mukugadziriswazve kwezviteshi zvese, zvinotora nguva uye zvinonetsa, uye zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwakanaka.Naizvozvo, pakugadzirira nzira yekuvhura waya, isu tinofanirwa kuona zvine hungwaru saizi yekuvhura waya uye saizi yekubvisa ye conductor zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekudhirowa.
Yechipiri chiteshi mushure mekuvhura mutsara ndiyo crimping process.Iyo crimping paramita inotemerwa zvinoenderana neiyo terminal mhando inodiwa nedhirowa, uye iyo crimping mashandiro emirairo inogadzirwa.Kana pane zvakakosha zvinodiwa, zvinodikanwa kuvaratidza pamagwaro ekugadzirisa uye kudzidzisa vashandi.Semuyenzaniso, dzimwe waya dzinoda kupfuura nemusheath dzisati dzakoromoka.Inoda kufanounganidza waya kutanga, yozodzoka kubva kupre assembly station isati yapwanya;Uye zvakare, maturusi akakosha ekurovera anoshandiswa kupinza crimping, iyo ine yakanaka yemagetsi kuonana kuita.
Ipapo kunouya pre assembly process.Kutanga, gadzirira pre assembly process operation manual.Kuti uvandudze kushanda kwemusangano mukuru, pre assembly station inofanirwa kuisirwa tambo dzakaoma kunzwisisa.Kana iyo pre assembly process inonzwisisika kana kuti kwete inokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwemusangano mukuru uye inoratidza hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemhizha.Kana chikamu chakamisikidzwa chisina kuunganidzwa kana nzira yakaunganidzwa yewaya isinganzwisisike, inowedzera basa revashandi vemusangano mukuru uye inonotsa kukurumidza kwemutsara wegungano, saka nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kugara pasaiti uye kugara dzichipfupisa.
Danho rekupedzisira ndiyo yekupedzisira gungano.Kugona kuunganidza platen yegungano yakagadzirwa nedhipatimendi rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa, gadzira zvakatemwa uye zviyero zvemidziyo yekushandisa uye bhokisi rezvinhu, uye kunamira nhamba dzeese masheheti egungano uye zvishongedzo pabhokisi rezvinhu kuvandudza kushanda kwegungano.Gadzirira zviri mukati megungano uye zvinodikanwa zvechiteshi chega chega, dzikamisa chiteshi chegungano rose, uye kudzivirira mamiriro ekuti basa rakakura kwazvo uye kumhanya kwemutsetse wegungano rose kuderedzwa.Kuti uwane kuenzana kwenzvimbo dzekushanda, vashandi vekugadzirisa vanofanira kunge vachiziva nezvekushanda kwega kwega, kuverenga maawa ekushanda panzvimbo, uye kugadzirisa maitiro egungano chero nguva.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo harness process inosanganisirawo kugadzirira kwekushandisa quota schedule, man hour calculation, worker training, etc. nekuti kukosha kwehunyanzvi hwemukati hakuna kukwirira, izvi hazvizotsanangurwa zvakadzama.Mune izwi, zviri mukati uye kunaka kwemotokari harness mumotokari yemagetsi tekinoroji zvishoma nezvishoma yave yakakosha index yekuongorora mashandiro emotokari.Vagadziri vemotokari vanofanirwa kutarisisa kusarudzwa kwewaya harness, uye zvakare zvinodiwa kuti unzwisise maitiro uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari waya harness.
